Learn more about ADHD here and find out if your symptoms match those of ADHD.
Medically reviewed by Dr. Giancarlo Giupponi, specialist in psychiatry and psychotherapy
Last updated: July 29, 2026
Everything you need to know about ADHD. Find answers to your questions.
Information on ADHD
Attention-Deficit/
, best known by the acronym ADHD (Attention-Deficit- ), is a neuropsychological disorder that leads to impairments in executive functions. ADHD is a form of neurodiversity and describes natural variation—that is, the effects of brain development that do not conform to societal norms.
Here you’ll learn everything about the progression, causes, and most common ADHD symptoms. Do you think you might have ADHD? If so, feel free to take our free test to get an initial assessment, or schedule an appointment with us right away to be evaluated by our experts.
ADHD begins in childhood and is therefore classified as a neurodevelopmental disorder. This means that its causes lie in the brain’s structure and therefore often result in a chronic course that continues into adulthood.
The prevalence—that is, the number of people affected by ADHD—is estimated internationally at 5% to 7% among children and 3% to 4% among adults.
There is no cure for ADHD that leads to a complete reversal of the underlying structural and functional changes in the brain. The neurological structure in ADHD differs from neurotypical development, and these differences persist.
However, thanks to advances in diagnosis and treatment, it is now possible to better understand the symptoms and learn how to manage them effectively, which can help those affected improve their quality of life.
ADHD is a complex neurological disorder influenced by genetic and environmental factors that has profound effects on brain structure and neurotransmitters, making its challenges and treatments particularly fascinating.
ADHD symptoms
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can manifest through a range of symptoms that impair attention span and behavioral control. ADHD symptoms can vary from person to person and depending on age, but can generally be divided into three main categories: its symptoms
People with ADHD exhibit attention difficulties, particularly during activities that are either cognitively demanding or boring for the individual. This affects both sustained attention—also known as sustained focus—and selective attention, which involves focusing on specific tasks while simultaneously filtering out irrelevant stimuli.
Specifically, this means that people do not pay close attention to details and are more likely to make careless mistakes. Other symptoms in this category include difficulty following instructions and maintaining order. In addition, mentally demanding or boring tasks are avoided and are approached with less attention to detail.
People affected report that they find it difficult to follow conversations, especially longer ones. Maintaining constant attention proves to be very difficult. Do you often misplace your keys or wallet? Do you procrastinate, especially when it comes to tasks that seem either very challenging or very boring? Did you feel like you made more careless mistakes on school assignments than your classmates? All of these can be signs of ADHD.
Motor restlessness—which is particularly noticeable in quiet situations—and the feeling of being internally driven often prevent people with ADHD from reaching their full potential.
Motor restlessness—which is particularly noticeable in quiet situations—and the feeling of being internally driven often prevent people with ADHD from reaching their full potential. They find it challenging to sit still for long periods of time, whether in class, at work, or in social situations. This often manifests as fidgeting, uncontrolled movements, or a constant need to move.
Another characteristic is impulsivity in actions and decisions. Those affected often act without thinking things through, interrupt others during conversations, or tend to engage in risky behavior. These difficulties can impact school, work, and social relationships, as it is difficult to control impulses.
Many people report having difficulty sticking to rules or routines. For example, they find it hard to sit still during meetings or lectures. Those affected often get up for no apparent reason, walk around, or get bored quickly. Do you find yourself playing with objects or constantly looking for new stimuli? Do you feel impatient, especially when things don’t happen right away? Do you frequently interrupt conversations or say things you later regret? All of these can be signs of ADHD.
There are three types of impulsivity associated with ADHD: cognitive (acting without thinking), motivational (inability to delay gratification), and emotional (low tolerance for frustration). Typical symptoms include difficulty waiting and frequently interrupting others during conversations.
There are three types of impulsivity associated with ADHD: cognitive (acting without thinking), motivational (inability to delay gratification), and emotional (low frustration tolerance). Typical symptoms include difficulty waiting and frequently interrupting others during conversations. Those affected often act spontaneously, without weighing the possible consequences, which can lead to problems in social, academic, or professional situations.
A lack of impulse control is particularly challenging in stressful or emotionally charged moments. People with ADHD often have difficulty restraining their reactions—whether in the form of thoughtless comments, impulsive purchases, or sudden mood swings. This impulsivity can lead to misunderstandings, conflicts, and frustration in everyday life.
Do you know that feeling of wanting to answer before someone has even finished their sentence? Or do you find it hard to stay calm while waiting in line? People with ADHD report that they often make hasty decisions without weighing all their options. This can range from small things like impulse spending to risky behavior in certain situations. Do you quickly become impatient or angry when something doesn’t work out right away? Do you sometimes overreact to minor issues? All of these can be signs of ADHD.
In adults, ADHD symptoms manifest differently than in children. One key difference is that, in addition to the symptoms predominant in childhood and adolescence, mood swings and impatience also occur—a phenomenon generally referred to as emotional dysregulation. Unlike in children, hyperactivity typically no longer manifests as overt motor hyperactivity but rather as general restlessness.
Do you recognize yourself in several of these points? If so, our ADHD test will give you an initial, reliable assessment.
Types of ADHD
ADHD manifests differently in each person. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) distinguishes three different subtypes of ADHD:
In this form, the main symptoms fall into the categories of hyperactivity and impulsivity. It affects approximately 20% of adults with ADHD.
This is the most common form and accounts for 50%–75% of all cases. People with this form exhibit all ADHD symptoms of both the inattentive and hyperactive types.
ADHD often occurs alongside other conditions, known as comorbidities. By definition, these are not symptoms of ADHD and, given their prevalence, must be considered separately.
Anxiety Disorders
Addiction Disorders
Personality Disorders
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Mood disorders, particularly depression
In fact, ADHD also has advantages for those with the condition and the people around them. Their high energy levels mean they can easily inspire others and get them excited about things. They’re also perceived as quick-witted, funny, and curious. Other characteristics of people with ADHD include their strong empathy and sense of justice. They are very resilient and can perform well even under pressure when they hold positions of great responsibility. Their mental leaps make them more creative and flexible than those around them and enable them to “think outside the box.”
If so, that could also be a sign of ADHD in your case. To get some clarity, feel free to take our self-assessment or contact one of our experts.
Statistically speaking, people with ADHD are at higher risk for accidents, the development of personality disorders, depression, substance abuse, job loss, and even incarceration. A diagnosis from a professional can provide clarity and is the first step toward learning how to manage ADHD and thus mitigate these risks. It is also necessary to begin treatment, since, for example, medication can only be prescribed once ADHD has been professionally diagnosed.
ADHD is the most common psychiatric disorder among children, and its prevalence among adults in Germany is estimated to be as high as 4 percent. This means that around 3 million people here are affected by it.
Although ADHD is being diagnosed more and more frequently in Germany, there is still a lack of awareness about this disorder. This can make it difficult for those affected to cope with ADHD and its effects. Therefore, it is important to provide appropriate support to those affected and their families and to work together to promote a better understanding of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.
Most people feel a little nervous when they get evaluated for a disorder like ADHD. This is normal and shouldn’t prevent anyone from getting evaluated if they’re experiencing significant problems in their life and suspect they might have ADHD. Unfortunately, some common misconceptions about ADHD—such as “it only affects children” or “the person is just looking for an excuse”—deter many people from seeking help.
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Here you will find the most frequently asked questions from our patients.
The three core symptoms are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. These are often accompanied by emotional dysregulation, difficulties with organization and time management, and restlessness. The severity of each symptom varies from person to person.
In adults, visible hyperactivity usually recedes into the background and is replaced by inner restlessness. The main issues are problems with attention and organization, low stress tolerance, and rapid mood swings, which can have a significant impact on work and relationships.
ADS refers to the predominantly inattentive type of ADHD—that is, ADHD without pronounced hyperactivity. Those affected appear calm but are easily distracted, daydreamy, and forgetful. From a technical standpoint, ADS falls within the ADHD spectrum.
In women, ADHD often presents without visible hyperactivity and is masked by other symptoms. As a result, it is frequently misdiagnosed as anxiety or depression before the ADHD itself is recognized.
A self-assessment test like our ADHD test provides an initial indication of whether there are signs of ADHD. It is not a substitute for a diagnosis. A professional evaluation is necessary for a definitive diagnosis.
If you suspect you might have ADHD, our ADHD test can give you an initial indication to help you verify your suspicion. Feel free to learn more on our blog.
Sources used:
– DGPPN et al.: S3 Guideline on ADHD in Children, Adolescents, and Adults. AWMF Registry.
– American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).
– World Health Organization (WHO): ICD-10, Chapter F90.
– Kessler R. C. et al.: WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). Psychol Med. 2005.
Last updated: July 29, 2026
